Building energy monitoring

1. General principle diagram

To monitor all energy and water flows within a building, the meters indicated in the diagram below must be installed:

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2. Principle diagram with Climkit equipment

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Technical description

The indications below should be used for calls for tenders or during project planning.

1. Electricity Monitoring:

  • Main meter: Electricity distribution is based on the Registered Self-Consumption (RCP) grouping model. Thus, there is an official metering point at the building entrance equipped with the Distribution System Operator (DSO) meter. A private meter is installed downstream of this to measure imported and exported energy.
  • Individual meters: Each apartment, commercial unit, office, common areas, and other equipment such as lighting, heat pumps, parking areas, electric vehicle charging stations, and ventilation are equipped with their own private electricity meter.
  • Photovoltaic (PV) installations: A private electricity meter must be installed on each PV inverter output to measure the production of each PV installation. Note: If the total power of the installations exceeds 30 kVA, a DSO meter must also be installed on each output.
  • Private meter specifications: The private meters used must be DIN rail type, MID certified, and operate using the Modbus communication protocol via an RS485 data bus (product code: 30). For installations over 80A, use indirect meters with current transformers (CTs) sized according to the amperage of the circuit being measured (product code: 34).
  • Meter communication: The RS485 bus connects each meter in series to the Climkit gateway (product code: 1), installed in the electrical cabinet near the meters.
  • Internet connection: A 4G Router (product code: 106) is installed and connected to the Climkit gateway via an RJ45 Ethernet cable. If the 4G signal is insufficient in the electrical room, consider relocating the 4G antenna or installing an IP65 outdoor antenna (product code: 102030), using a 5m or 10m extension cable (product code: 102010) if necessary.
  • Meter installation and identification: Meters are installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. Special attention is required for indirect meters to ensure their correct operation. Meters are configured with a unique Modbus primary address (from 1 to 254). Provide a simplified metering scheme, meter registration on the Climkit portal, and precise labeling identifying each meter according to the measured entity's designation (apartment numbers, common area identification, etc.) to facilitate management and billing.

2. Thermal and Water Monitoring:

  • Individual consumption measurement: All consumers (apartments, shops, offices, etc.) are equipped with their own individual meters to measure their consumption of heating, domestic hot water (DHW), and domestic cold water (DCW), and potentially cooling. DHW and DCW supplies for common areas (such as laundry rooms, irrigation, etc.) are also all equipped with meters.
  • Heat meter at the heat pump outlet: Install a heat meter at the heat pump (HP) outlet to measure the total thermal energy produced. Note: If the HP has a high and low-temperature outlet, install a meter on each outlet.
  • Heat meter at the DHW tank inlet: Install a heat meter at the inlet of the domestic hot water tank to measure the energy used for DHW production.
  • Cold water meter: A cold water meter must be installed on the building's water supply, downstream of the official supplier meter (municipal utility services).
  • Technical specifications for heat and water meters: Meters must be MID certified and equipped with a wired M-Bus communication module.
  • Meter communication: The M-Bus is connected to an M-Bus-RS485 converter (product code: 182), which is itself connected to the Climkit gateway, eliminating the need for an M-Bus master station.
  • Internet connection: See Electricity Monitoring above.
  • Installation and identification: Meters must be commissioned by their supplier. Commissioning protocols identifying each meter according to the measured entity's designation (apartment numbers, common area identification, etc.) will be provided to the building manager and Climkit for integration into the Climkit portal and configuration of meter reading via the Climkit gateway.

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Self-consumption optimization

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